BDAG excerpt on the English word Perfection

τελειόω (τέλειος) fut. τελειώσω; 1 aor. ἐτελείωσα; perf. τετελείωκα. Pass.: pf. τετελείωμαι; 1 fut. τελειωθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐτελειώθην; pf. τετελείωμαι (Soph., Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX; TestAbr A 15 p. 95, 7 [Stone p. 38]; TestGad 7:1; EpArist, Philo; Jos., Vi. 12 al.; Ath., R. 17 p. 69, 10. The form τελεόω, freq. used outside our lit., occurs only Hb 10:1 v.l.—B-D-F §30, 2; Thackeray p. 82).

① to complete an activity, complete, bring to an end, finish, accomplish (Dionys. Hal. 3, 69, 2 τῆς οἰκοδομῆς τὰ πολλὰ εἰργάσατο, οὐ μὴν ἐτελείωσε τὸ ἔργον; Polyb. 8, 36, 2; 2 Ch 8:16; 2 Esdr 16: 3, 16) τὸ ἔργον J 4:34; 17:4; pl. 5:36. πάντα 1 Cl 33:6. ὡς τελειώσω τὸν δρόμον μου καὶ τὴν διακονίαν Ac 20:24. ἁγνῶς τελειοῦν τὴν διακονίαν complete service as deacon in holiness Hs 9, 26, 2. τὰς ἡμέρας spend all the days of the festival Lk 2:43 (cp. Jos., Ant. 3, 201). Pass. ἵνα τελειωθῇ ἡ γραφή in order that the scripture might receive its final fulfillment J 19:28 (perh. this belongs to 2c.)—τελειῶσαί τινα allow someone to reach the person’s goal (Hdt. 3, 86) pass. τῇ τρίτῃ τελειοῦμαι on the third day I will reach my goal Lk 13:32 (hardly mid., ‘bring to a close’ [Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 158] w. ‘my work’ to be supplied. But s. 2d below and cp. JDerrett, ZNW 75, ’84, 36–43 [wordplay involving death]).—This may also be the place for Hb 7:19 (s. 2eα below); 11:40 (s. 2d below).

② to overcome or supplant an imperfect state of things by one that is free fr. objection, bring to an end, bring to its goal/accomplishment

ⓐ of Jesus ἔπρεπεν αὐτῷ (i.e. τῷ θεῷ) διὰ παθημάτων τελειῶσαι (Ἰησοῦν) Hb 2:10 (i.e., as the context indicates, he receives highest honors via suffering and death in his identification w. humanity); pass., 5:9; 7:28. This is usu. understood to mean the completion and perfection of Jesus by the overcoming of earthly limitations (s. Windisch, Hdb. exc. on Hb 5:9.—JKögel, Der Begriff τελειοῦν im Hb: MKähler Festschr. 1905, 35–68; OMichel, D. Lehre von d. christl. Vollkommenheit nach d. Anschauung des Hb: StKr 106, ’35, 333–55; FTorm, Om τελειοῦν i Hb: Sv. Ex. Årsb. 5, ’40, 116–25; OMoe, TZ 5, ’49, 165ff). S. 3 below.

ⓑ bring to full measure, fill the measure of τὶ someth. τὰς ἀποκαλύψεις καὶ τὰ ὁράματα Hv 4, 1, 3. ἐτελείωσαν κατὰ τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτῶν τὰ ἁμαρτήματα GPt 5:17 (κατά A 2bγ).

ⓒ fulfill of prophecies, promises, etc., which arouse expectation of events or happenings that correspond to their wording (τελείωσις 2.—Jos., Ant. 15, 4 θεοῦ τοὺς λόγους τελειώσαντος; Artem. 4, 47 p. 228, 19 ἐλπίδας) ἡ πίστις πάντα ἐπαγγέλλεται, πάντα τελειοῖ Hm 9:10; pass. be fulfilled ἐξαίφνης τελειωθήσεται τὸ βούλημα αὐτοῦ 1 Cl 23:5.—MPol 16:2ab. The promises of the prophets find their fulfillment, by implication, in the gospel ISm 7:2. This may be the place for J 19:28 (so Bultmann.—S. 1 above).

ⓓ of the perfection of upright pers. who have gone on before, pass. (Wsd 4:13; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 74 ὅταν τελειωθῇς καὶ βραβείων καὶ στεφάνων ἀξιωθῇς) πνεύματα δικαίων τετελειωμένων Hb 12:23. So perh. also 11:40 and Lk 13:32 (s. 1 above).

ⓔ make perfect

α. someone ὁ νόμος οὐδέποτε δύναται τοὺς προσερχομένους τελειῶσαι Hb 10:1; likew. perh. (s. 1 above) 7:19 (then οὐδέν would refer to humanity). κατὰ συνείδησιν τελειῶσαι τὸν λατρεύοντα 9:9. Perh. 10:14 (s. 3 below). Pass. in act. sense become perfect (Zosimus: Hermet. IV p. 111, 15f ) D 16:2; ἔν τινι in someth. (Jos., Ant. 16, 6) ἐν (τῇ) ἀγάπῃ 1J 4:18; 1 Cl 49:5; 50:3. W. inf. foll. B 6:19. ἵνα ὦσιν τετελειωμένοι εἰς ἕν in order that they might attain perfect unity J 17:23.—Also in an unfavorable sense τελειωθῆναι τοῖς ἁμαρτήμασιν B 14:5.—For Phil 3:12 s. 3 below.

β. someth. The Lord is called upon, in the interest of his community τελειῶσαι αὐτὴν ἐν τῇ ἀγάπῃ σου D 10:5. Pass. (Philo, Somn. 1, 131 ψυχὴ τελειωθεῖσα ἐν ἄθλοις ἀρετῶν) ἐκ τῶν ἔργων ἡ πίστις ἐτελειώθη faith was perfected in good deeds Js 2:22. Of love 1J 2:5; 4:12, 17. Cp. 2 Cor 12:9 v.l.

③ As a term of mystery religions consecrate, initiate, pass. be consecrated, become a τέλειος (s. τέλειος 3) Phil 3:12 (though mng. 2eα is also prob.). Some of the Hb-passages (s. 2a; eα above) may belong here, esp. those in which a consecration of Jesus is mentioned 2:10; 5:9; 7:28 (s. THaering, Monatschr. für Pastoraltheol. 17, 1921, 264–75. Against him ERiggenbach, NKZ 34, 1923, 184–95 and Haering once more, ibid. 386–89.—EKaesemann, D. wand. Gottesvolk ’39, 82–90; GAvdBerghvEysinga, De Brief aan de Hebreën en de oudchristelijke Gnosis: NThT 28, ’39, 301–30).—DELG s.v. τέλος. M-M. EDNT. TW.

τελείως adv. of τέλειος (this form in Isocr. 13, 18; Ps.-Pla., Def. 411d; Aristot. et al.; Polyb. 6, 24, 7; Hero Alex. I p. 20, 25; PPetr III, 42 H 8c, 3 p. 114 [III b.c.]; PFlor 93, 27; LXX [Thackeray p. 82]; TestSol 26, 7 B and 8 B; TestAbr B 7 p. 112, 5 [Stone p. 72]; TestGad 7:1; Philo; Ath. 26:2 ὁ θεὸς τελείως ἀγαθὸς ὤν) fully, perfectly, completely, altogether ἔχειν τὴν πίστιν IEph 14:1. ἐλπίζειν 1 Pt 1:13. Of dedicated service τ. λειτουργεῖν perform superbly 1 Cl 9:2. φεύγειν B 4:1. μισεῖν τι 4:10. φανεροῦσθαι Dg 9:2. ἔργον ἀπαρτίζειν IEph 1:1. ἀπαρνεῖσθαι ISm 5:2. ἔχειν τελείως περί τινος have received full enlightenment concerning someth.—B 10:10.—M-M.

τελείωσις, εως, ἡ (τελειόω; since Hippocr. VII 436; 448 L.; Epicurus p. 38, 5 Us.; Aristot.; ins, pap, LXX, En; TestAbr A 20 p. 103, 24 [Stone p. 54]; TestReub 6:8; EpArist; Philo, Aet. M. 71; 99; Jos., Ant. 19, 199 in a different sense; Ar. [Milne 76, 48]; Ath., R. 17 p. 69, 9)

① perfection (En 25, 4; Ar., Ath.) Hb 7:11.

② fulfillment of a promise (Jdth 10:9; Philo, Mos. 2, 288.—τελειόω 2c) Lk 1:45.—DELG s.v. τέλος. M-M. TW.

τελειωτής, οῦ, ὁ (τελειόω; Dionys. Hal., Dinarchus 1; otherwise only in Christ. wr. Methodius MPG XVIII, 360b; on morphology Schwyzer I 500) one who brings someth. to a successful conclusion, perfecter (opp. ἀρχηγός, q.v. 3; Jesus is both) τῆς πίστεως Hb 12:2 (AWikgren, NTS 6, ’60, 159–67; NCroy, JBL 114, ’95, 117–19=‘one not to be transcended by subsequent improvements’).—DELG s.v. τέλος.

τέλεον neut. acc. sing. of τέλεος (=τέλειος; cp. SibOr 3, 117) used as an adv. (Περὶ ὕψους 41, 1; Ael. Aristid. 33 p. 635 D.; Lucian, Merc. Cond. 5; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 8 §34; BGU 903, 12 [II a.d.]; PFay 106, 21; 3 Macc 1:22; JosAs. 12:11 cod. A [p. 56, 14 Bat.]; Jos., Bell. 4, 285) pert. to being at the end of a process, fully, altogether, in the end Dg 2:5.

τελεσφορέω (τέλος, φέρω; Theophr. et al.; 4 Macc 13:20; Philo; Jos., Ant. 1, 140) bear fruit to maturity (Jülicher, Gleichn. 530.—Cp. Ocellus Luc. [II b.c.] c. 16 Harder [1926]; Epict. 4, 8, 36) Lk 8:14, v.l.—M-M.

τελευταῖος, α, ον (Aeschyl., Hdt. +) pert. to closure in a series, final, last, as concluding point in time τελευταία ἡμέρα (Demosth. et al.; Epict. 2, 23, 21; IG IV2 1, 123, 128 [IV b.c.] ἐν ταῖς τελευταίαις ἁμέραις) τῶν ἀζύμων GPt 14:58.—Schmidt, Syn. IV 524–34, cp. ἔσχατος. DELG s.v. τέλος.

τελευτάω (τελευτή; Hom. et al.) fut. τελευτήσω; 1 aor. ἐτελεύτησα; perf. 3 sg. τετελεύτηκεν Josh 1:2, ptc. τετελευτηκώς; in our lit. only intr.

① come to an end (Aeschyl. et al.) Papias (4), s. συμβαίνω 2.

② die (Aeschyl., Hdt. et al.—B-D-F §480, 2) Mt 2:19 (cp. GJs 25:1); 9:18; 22:25; Lk 7:2; J 11:39; Ac 2:29; 7:15; Hb 11:22; 1 Cl 39:6 (Job 4:21 v.l.); Papias (3:3). Of the phoenix 1 Cl 25:2f. As in Is 66:24 of the worm in hell: Mk 9:43 (44) and 45 (46) both v.l.; 48; 2 Cl 7:6; 17:5. θανάτῳ τελευτάτω let the pers. die the death = surely die (=מוֹת יוּמָת Ex 21:17 Mt; JosAs cod. A ch. 21 [p. 71, 28 Bat., also Pal. 364]. But s. also schol. on Soph., Ajax 516 p. 46 τελευτᾶν θανάτῳ) Mt 15:4 (cp. Ex 21:16); Mk 7:10.—DELG s.v. τέλος. M-M.

τελευτή, ῆς, ἡ (Hom. et al. in var. senses: ‘completion, issue, end’) that which marks the point at which someth. ceases to exist, end, a euphemism for death (s. prec. entry; Pind., Thu. 11:7 et al.; pap, LXX; TestAbr B 10 p. 115, 5 [Stone p. 78]; Test12Patr; ApcMos 5; SibOr 3:363; Jos., Ant. 8, 190; Just., D. 47, 3; Tat. 6, 1; Ath., R. p. 61, 19, W. βιότοιο as early as Il. 7, 104) Mt 2:15.—DELG s.v. τέλος. M-M.

τελέω fut. τελέσω; 1 aor. ἐτέλεσα; pf. τετέλεκα. Pass.: 1 fut. τελεσθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐτελέσθην; perf. τετέλεσμαι (Hom.+).

① to complete an activity or process, bring to an end, finish, complete τὶ someth. ταῦτα Hs 8, 2, 5. τὸν δρόμον (Il. 23, 373; 768; Soph., El. 726) 2 Ti 4:7. τοὺς λόγους τούτους Mt 7:28; 19:1; 26:1 (cp. Just., D. 110, 1). τὰς παραβολὰς ταύτας 13:53. τὴν μαρτυρίαν Rv 11:7. τὴν εὐχήν GJs 9:1. τὴν ἐξήγησιν Hv 3, 7, 4. τὰ γράμματα 2, 1, 4. τελέσας τὴν χαράκωσιν when he had finished the fencing Hs 5, 2, 3. τελεῖν πάντα τὰ κατὰ τὸν νόμον Lk 2:39 (τελ. πάντα as Jos., Ant. 16, 318). τελ. τὰς πόλεις τοῦ Ἰσραήλ finish (going through) the cities of Israel Mt 10:23 (on this pass. KWeiss, Exegetisches z. Irrtumslosigkeit u. Eschatologie Jesu Christi 1916, 184–99; JDupont, NovT 2, ’58, 228–44; AFeuillet, CBQ 23, ’61, 182–98; MKünzi, Das Naherwartungslogion Mt 10:23, ’70 [history of interp.]). Foll. by a ptc. to designate what is finished (B-D-F §414, 2; Rob. 1121; cp. Josh 3:17; JosAs 15:12) ἐτέλεσεν διατάσσων Mt 11:1. Cp. Lk 7:1 D; Hv 1, 4, 1.—Pass. be brought to an end, be finished, completed of the building of the tower (cp. 2 Esdr 5:16; 16: 15) Hv 3, 4, 1f; 3, 5, 5; 3, 9, 5; Hs 9, 5, 1; 9, 10, 2 (τὸ ἔργον). τελεσθέντος τοῦ δείπνου GJs 6:3 (TestAbr A 5 p. 81, 32 [Stone p. 10]; JosAs 21:8). ὡς … ἐτελέσθη ὁ πλοῦς AcPl Ha 7, 35. Of time come to an end, be over (Hom. et al.; Aristot., HA 7, 1, 580a, 14 ἐν τοῖς ἔτεσι τοῖς δὶς ἑπτὰ τετελεσμένοις; Lucian, Alex. 38) Lk 2:6 D; sim. τοῦ ἐξεῖναι τὸν Παῦλον εἰς τὴν Ῥώμην AcPl Ha 6, 15; τὰ χίλια ἔτη Rv 20:3, 5, 7. πάντα τετέλεσται J 19:28 (GDalman, Jesus-Jeschua 1922, 211–18 [tr. PLevertoff 1929, same pages].—Diagoras of Melos in Sext. Emp., Adv. Math. 9, 55 κατὰ δαίμονα κ. τύχην πάντα τελεῖται=‘everything is accomplished acc. to divine will and fortune’; an anonymous writer of mimes [II a.d.] in OCrusius, Herondas5 [p. 110–16] ln. 175 τοῦτο τετέλεσται); cp. τετέλεσται used absolutely in vs. 30 (if these two verses are to be taken as referring to the carrying out [s. 2 below] of divine ordinances contained in the Scriptures, cp. Diod S 20, 26, 2 τετελέσθαι τὸν χρησμόν=the oracle had been fulfilled; Ael. Aristid. 48, 7 K.=24 p. 467 D.: μέγας ὁ Ἀσκληπιός· τετέλεσται τὸ πρόσταγμα. Cp. Willibald Schmidt, De Ultimis Morientium Verbis, diss. Marburg 1914. OCullmann, TZ 4, ’48, 370 interprets the two verses in both a chronological and theol. sense. Diod S 15, 87, 6 reports the four last sayings of Epaminondas, two in indirect discourse and the other two in direct. S. also the last words of Philip s.v. πληρόω 5).—ἡ δύναμις ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ τελεῖται power finds its consummation or reaches perfection in (the presence of) weakness 2 Cor 12:9. The passives in Rv 10:7 (the aor. suggests the ‘final clearing up of all the insoluble riddles and problems of human life’: EBlakeney, The Epistle to Diognetus ’43, ’67); 15:1, 8; 17:17 belong under 2 as well as here.

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