Epochs of the Greek Language
The Greek language has evolved over the course of its use, resulting in several marked phases (which bear similarities as well as differences). The two primary divisions are between ancient Greek (1500 bc–ad 330) and modern Greek (ad 330–present). Within these divisions, there are seven major epochs in the history of the Greek language (Wallace, Greek Grammar, 14–17; Caragounis, Development):
Ancient Greek
Mycenaean (Linear B)
1500–800 bc
Epic (Homeric)
800–500 bc
Classical (Attic)
500–330 bc
Hellenistic (Koine)
330 bc–ad 330
Modern Greek
Byzantine
ad 330–600
Medieval
ad 600–1453
Neohellenic
ad 1453–present
Of these seven epochs, three are most important for the study of the Old Testament, the New Testament, and early Christianity:
1. Classical Greek, which gives us insight into how the language developed into the form (Koine) that would be used for the writing of the New Testament and Septuagint
2. Koine Greek, which is the specific type of Greek that the writers of the New Testament, the translators of the Septuagint, and the earliest church fathers used
3. Byzantine Greek, the language used by the post-Nicene fathers that was in use when the New Testament was copied.
Continue ReadingLeonard J. Greenspoon, “Greek Language,” ed. John D. Barry et al., The Lexham Bible Dictionary (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2016).
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