In the chaos of burning buildings, it is not just the flames that are dangerous and potentially lethal, but also toxic fumes like cyanide that are released when certain materials are incinerated. These fumes, mixed with smoke, are so toxic that even in very low quantities may pose more risk than the fire itself.
Firefighters are generally, but not always, protected by their self-contained breathing apparatus and other equipment. However, unprotected civilians can suffer serious health consequences.
"Carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide are called the 'toxic twins' of smoke inhalation," said Dr. David Reed, a chemist at the Science and Technology Directorate's (S&T) Chemical Security Analysis Center (CSAC). "Both can be deadly, and both operate similarly by denying cells the ability to use oxygen."
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