Introducing The Expositor’s Bible Commentary, Volume 8: Matthew, Mark, Luke By Gaebelein, Frank E.; Carson, D. A.; Wessel, Walter W.; Liefeld, Walter L.

 E. Abbreviations of Names of Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Texts

CD Cairo (Genizah text of the) Damascus (Document)

DSS Dead Sea Scrolls

Hev Nahal Hever texts

Mas Masada Texts

Mird Khirbet mird texts

Mur Wadi Murabba’at texts

P Pesher (commentary)

Q Qumran

1Q, 2Q, etc. Numbered caves of Qumran, yielding written material; followed by abbreviation of biblical or apocryphal book.

QL Qumran Literature

1QapGen Genesis Apocryphon of Qumran Cave 1

1QH Hodayot (Thanksgiving Hymns) from Qumran Cave 1

1QIsaa,b First or second copy of Isaiah from Qumran Cave 1

1QpHab Pesher on Habakkuk from Qumran Cave 1

1QM Milhamah (War Scroll)

1QpMic Pesher on portions of Micah from Qumran Cave 1

1QS Serek Hayyahad (Rule of the Community, Manual of Discipline)

1QSa Appendix A (Rule of the Congregation) to 1QS

1QSb Appendix B (Blessings) to 1QS

3Q15 Copper Scroll from Qumran Cave 3

4QExod a Exodus Scroll, exemplar “a” from Qumran Cave 4

4QFlor Florilegium (or Eschatological Midrashim) from Qumran Cave 4

4Qmess ar Aramaic “Messianic” text from Qumran Cave 4

4QPNah Pesher on portions of Nahum from Qumran Cave 4

4QPrNab Prayer of Nabonidus from Qumran Cave 4

4QPs37 Pesher on portions of Psalm 37 from Qumran Cave 4

4QTest Testimonia text from Qumran Cave 4

4QTLevi Testament of Levi from Qumran Cave 4

4QPhyl Phylacteries from Qumran Cave 4

11QMelch Melchizedek text from Qumran Cave 11

11QtgJob Targum of Job from Qumran Cave 11

TRANSLITERATIONS

Hebrew

א = ʾ

בּ = b

ב = ḇ

גּ = g

ג = g̱

דּ = d

ד = ḏ

ה = h

ו = w

ז = z

ח = ḥ

ט = ṭ

י = y

כּ = k

כ ךְ = ḵ

ל = l

מ ם = m

נ ן = n

ס = s

ע = ʿ

פּ = p

פ ף = p̱

צ ץ = ṣ

ק = q

ר = r

שׂ = ś

שׁ = š

תּ = t

ת = ṯ

ָ(ה) = â (h)

ֵי = ê

ִי = î

וֹ = ô

וּ = û

ָ = ā

ֵ = ē

ֹ = ō

ַ = a

ֶ = e

ִ = i

ָ = o

ֻ = u

ֲ = a

ֱ = e

ְ = e (if vocal)

ֳ = o

Aramaic

ʾ b g d h w z ḥ ṭ y k l m n s ʿ p ṣ q r ś š t

Arabic

ʾ b t ṯ ǧ ḥ ḫ d ḏ r z s š ṣ ḍ ṭ ẓ ʿ ǵ f q k l m n h w y

Ugaritic

ʾ b g d ḏ h w z ḥ ḫ ṭ ẓ y k l m n s s̀ ʿ ǵ ṗ ṣ q r š t ṯ

Greek

α — a

β — b

γ — g

δ — d

ε — e

ζ — z

η — ē

θ — th

ι — i

κ — k

λ — l

μ — m

ν — n

ξ — x

ο — o

π — p

ρ — r

σ, ς — s

τ — t

υ — y

φ — ph

χ — ch

ψ — ps

ω — ō

γγ — ng

γκ — nk

γξ — nx

γχ — nch

αι — ai

αὐ — au

ει — ei

εὐ — eu

ηὐ — ēu

οἰ — oi

οὐ — ou

υἱ — hui

ρ̇ — rh

̔ — h

ᾳ — ā

ῃ — ē

ῳ — ō

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